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<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-weight: medium"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><B>A-2.8 Description plus
d&eacute;taill&eacute;e de fonctions</B></P>
<H2><A NAME="Ainfo"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>infor</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>A
link to AODSEM documentation using netscape as a viewer.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Amkpsd"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>mkpsd</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Create a particle
size distribution file (PSD).</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Sample file NAME.mie.psd: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> <FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">3        ** size distribution type **</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 0.15     ** dX constant increment (99999=variable) **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 333      ** Number of bins **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1        ** Interpolation (0=terrasse, 1=linear, 9=discret **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.5     ** Wavelength in microns **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.150000006  0.00748402089 ** X, Psd **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.300000012  0.026195416   ** X, Psd **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.449999988  0.0453268057  ** X, Psd **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.600000024  0.0615793337  ** X, Psd **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.75  0.0744992284         ** X, Psd **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.899999976  0.0844182061  ** X, Psd **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  1.04999995  0.0918335254   ** X, Psd **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  .</FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>X = the size parameter defined
as 2 pi r / wavelength </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>r = the geometric radius of
the particle. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Possible size distribution
type are: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 1) MONODISPERSED          X</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 2) GATES-GAUDIN-SCHUMANN  X**(-A), A&gt;1</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 3) LOG-NORMAL             1/(SG*X*SQRT[2*pi])*EXP(-(LOG(X)-LOG(XM))**2/(2*SG**2))</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 4) GAMMA                  U**(U+1)/U!*(X**U/S**(U+1))*EXP(-U*X/S)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 5) MODIFIED GAMMA         X**A*EXP(-B*X**G)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 6) ROSIN-RAMMLER          X**(N-1)*EXP(-B*X**N)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 7) INDEPENDANT SIZE-BINS</FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Interpolation consist in how
imies program will interpolate sub-bins values.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Tthere are 3 options: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 0 = Constant value inside the bin (stepped)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 1 = Linear interpolation</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 9 = Discret mode (non zero values for the begin. of the bin)</FONT></FONT></PRE><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>It is important to note that
for the log-normal distribution, the user is asked to enter the sigma
value wich is subsequently converted by the program to SG=log(sigma).
A typical value for sigma is 2.5 (SG=0.4).</FONT></FONT></P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Acmbpsd"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>cmbps</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Combine two particle
size distribution file.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>(mkpsd output files) </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>To
combine more than two PSD, you can first combine first two and the
re-run cmbps to combine this first result with a third PSD and so
on... </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Amkimies"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>mkimi</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Create
an imies's input file.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Aimies"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>imies</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Interactive fine
resolution Mie's computations.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>mkimi and mkpsd have to be
executed first in order to produce input files for imies (file
&laquo;&nbsp;NAME.mie&nbsp;&raquo; and &laquo;&nbsp;NAME.mie.psd&nbsp;&raquo;).
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>imies is adapted from mie.f
initially written at DREV by Blair Evans. The original program was
restructured and some bugs were fixed. imies can only take into
account for spherical shaped particles (including coated particles). </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">Sample
file: &laquo;&nbsp;NAME.mie&nbsp;&raquo;</SPAN><B> </B></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  1                  ** 1 = VERBOSE **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  1                  ** Aerosol shape**</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.00 180.00   1.00 ** i angle , f angle , delta **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  3                  ** Polarisation state (1=//,2=_|_,3=random) **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  1.50000 .00000E+00 ** Refractive index (a-ib) **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  1                  ** 1 = VERBOSE **</FONT></FONT>
</PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Log of the mkmie execution
used for the example below (user input in <FONT COLOR="#ff0000">red</FONT>):</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><BR><BR>
</P>
<PRE>************************************************
*                                              *
*                     mkimi                    *
*                                              *
*         Edit input file for imies.f          *
*                                              *
*     Martin Aube 2000                         *
*                                              *
************************************************

 Experiment directory /home/martin/AODSEM/Examples/imies
 Executing MakeMieIn...
 Root name of the imies input file ?
<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">test</FONT>
 Verbose imies mode? (1 = yes)
<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">1</FONT>
 WHICH PARTICLE TYPE:
 1)  SPHERE                    EXACT
 2)  COATED SPHERE             EXACT
<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">1</FONT>
 ENTER LOWEST,HIGHEST AND INCREMENT OF ANGLES IN PHASE   FUNCTION
 INCREMENT MUST BE .01 OR GREATER
<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">0 180 1</FONT>
 WHICH POLARIZATION STATE ? 1) PARALLEL
                            2) PERPENDICULAR
                         OR 3) RANDOM
 WITH RESPECT TO SCATTERING PLANE.

<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">3</FONT>
 INDEX OF REFRACTION m &amp; k (of m - ik) -&gt;

<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">1.5 0</FONT>
 Deleting temporary files in  /home/martin/AODSEM/Examples/imies
 Normal end of mkimi.      
</PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Sample file NAME.mie.psd (see
mkpsd) </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Log of the mkpsd execution
used for the example below (user input in <FONT COLOR="#ff0000">red</FONT>):</FONT></FONT></P>
<PRE>************************************************
*                                              *
*                     mkpsd                    *
*                                              *
*        Create a PSD file for imies.f         *
*                                              *
*     Martin Aube 2000                         *
*                                              *
************************************************

 Experiment directory /home/martin/AODSEM/Examples/imies
 Executing MakePSD...
 Root name of the PSD output file ?
<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">test</FONT>
 WHICH PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION:
 1) MONODISPERSED          X
 2) GATES-GAUDIN-SCHUMANN  X**(-A), A&gt;1
 3) LOG-NORMAL             1/(SG*X*SQRT[2*pi])*EXP(-(LOG(X)-LOG(XM))**2/(2*SG**2
))
 4) GAMMA                  U**(U+1)/U!*(X**U/S**(U+1))*EXP(-U*X/S)
 5) MODIFIED GAMMA         X**A*EXP(-B*X**G)
 6) ROSIN-RAMMLER          X**(N-1)*EXP(-B*X**N)
 7) INDEPENDANT SIZE-BINS
<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">3</FONT>
 Interpolation type betwen PSD s values ?
 0 = Constant value inside the bin
 1 = Linear interpolation
 9 = Discret mode (non zero values for the begin. of the bin)
<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">1</FONT>
 CENTER WAVELENGTH OF THE SENSOR (MICRONS)?
<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">.5</FONT>
 INPUT INTEGRATION dX [d(SIZE PAR.)] OVER SIZE DIST.

<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">.15</FONT>
 LOWER AND UPPER LIMITS OF PSD (BETWEEN 0 AND    750.00)

<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">0 200</FONT>
 3) LOG-NORMAL             1/(SG*X*SQRT[2*pi])*EXP(-(LOG(X)-LOG(XM))**2/(2*SG**2
))
 INPUT geometric mean radius (um) , sigma (um)

<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">.5 2.5</FONT>
 Deleting temporary files in  /home/martin/AODSEM/Examples/imies
 Normal end of mkpsd.    

</PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Typical outbut files
NAME.mie.out: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |--------|------------|</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> | ANGLE  |  PHASE FCT |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |--------|------------|</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>     0.00   1685.8    </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>     1.00   738.47    </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>     2.00   268.94    </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>      .        .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>      .        .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>      .        .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   180.00  0.89045    </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |--------|------------|</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>0.500000     micron = Wavelength</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 2.24693     = Extinction efficiency (Q)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 2.24693     = Scattering efficiency (Qs)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 0.00000     = Absorption efficiency (Qa)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 14.1123     = Lidar ratio</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 4.10201     micron^2 = &lt;b&gt; = Average surface area per particle</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 9.21694     microns^2 = Extinction cross section (C)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 9.21694     microns^2 = Scattering cross section (Cs)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 0.00000     microns^2 = Absorption cross section (Ca)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |----------------------------------------------------|</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> | COMMENTAIRES:                                      |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |----------------------------------------------------|</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |   -Cross section / &lt;b&gt; should = efficiency         |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |    is independant of the normalisation of dN/dx    |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |   -The integral of the phase fct/4 pi over all     |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |    directions (solid angle) = 1.                   |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |   -The volume coefficient (k) is equal to C * N    |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |      = cross section * Number density              |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |      typical units: [um^2]*[particles/cm^3] =      |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |      [10^-3 km-1]                                  |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |      N = M/(d*4/3*pi*r^3) where d is the density   |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |      of particle, M is the mass per unit volume    |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |      and 4/3*pi*r^3 is the average volume  of a    |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |      particle.                                     |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |      typical units:  M -&gt; [ug/m^3], d -&gt; [g/cm^3]  |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |                      r -&gt; [um]                     |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |      Lidar ratio= 4 pi Qe / phase_fct(180)*Qs      |</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> |----------------------------------------------------|</FONT></FONT>

</PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Sample log for imies (user
input in <FONT COLOR="#ff0000">red</FONT>):</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><BR><BR>
</P>
<PRE>************************************************                                              *                                              *
*                     imies                    *
*                                              *
*         Mie's calculations for any PSD       *
*     definition, particle type, wavelength    *
*            and relative humidity             *
*                                              *
*     Martin Aube 2000                         *
*                                              *
************************************************
 Experiment directory /home/martin/AODSEM/Examples/imies
 Executing intermie...
 Root name for input-output files ?(MAX 40 CHAR):
 Extensions .mie (input file), .mie.out (output file) and  .mie.psd (psd file)
 will be add to the root name.
<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">test</FONT>
 Reading input file:test.mie.         ..
 Opening output file:test.mie.out...
 ... Termine.
 Ouverture du fichier psd:test.mie.psd...
 ...Done.
 Reading psd file:test.mie.psd.      ..
 ...Done.
 In how many Sub-bins do you wish to split PSD? (MAX.   5000., MIN 1334)
<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">1500</FONT>
 Closing psd file.
 Particle shape:
 1)  SPHERE                    EXACT
 Defining size increment...
 ...Done
 Defining size distribution...
 |----------------------------|
 |      SIZE DISTRIBUTION     |
 |-------------|--------------|
 | SIZE PARAM. | PSD          |
 |        0.267|      0.004722|
 |        0.400|      0.012229|
           .              .
           .              .
           .              .
 |      199.950|      0.000002|
 |----------------------------|
 ...Done.
 Optical computations...
 Random polarization state
 Indice de refraction= 1.500 -i .00000E+00
 finished Mie computations for size parameter =     6.80
 finished Mie computations for size parameter =    13.46
 .
 .
 .
 finished Mie computations for size parameter =   200.08
 ...Done.
 Closing input-output files...
 ...Done.
 Computation result in file: test.mie.out
 ...end of mies !
 Deleting temporary files in  /home/martin/AODSEM/Examples/imies
 Normal end of imies.</PRE><P>
<BR><BR>
</P>
<P>Phase function normalisation.</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>The phase function is defined as 4 pi times the
probability of scattering per unit of solid angle (sterad) for a
given scattering angle (theta=0 -&gt;forward scattering, theta=180 -&gt;
back scattering).  The integration of the phase function over the
sphere is equal to 4 pi.  It is important to consider that the phase
function value for a given scattering angle is the same for any
azimutal angle so that to get the total scattering contribution for a
particular scattering angle (integration over phi), we have to
multiply the phase function value by the equivalent solid angle
dOMEGA corresponding to a ring defined by the angle increment dTHETA
(see  fig below).  This solid angle is given by the equation:</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="Images/domega.gif" NAME="Objet1" ALIGN=ABSMIDDLE HSPACE=8 WIDTH=139
HEIGHT=22></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="Images/phase-fct-norm.jpg" NAME="Image1" ALIGN=BOTTOM
WIDTH=247 HEIGHT=331 BORDER=0></P> <P><BR><BR>
</P>
<P>Example of phase function integration:</P>
<P><BR><BR>
</P>
<PRE>THETA	Phase fct.	dOMEGA	P(THETA)=Phase fct. * dOMEGA / 4 pi
0	1685,8	0,0000	0
1	738,47	0,0019	0,11
2	268,94	0,0038	0,08
3	126,45	0,0057	0,06
4	69,42		0,0076	0,04
5	42,47		0,0096	0,03
6	28,23		0,0115	0,03
7	20,04		0,0134	0,02
8	15,04		0,0153	0,02
9	11,81		0,0172	0,02
10	9,64		0,0190	0,01
11	8,11		0,0209	0,01
12	7,01		0,0228	0,01
13	6,18		0,0247	0,01
14	5,55		0,0265	0,01
15	5,05		0,0284	0,01
16	4,64		0,0302	0,01
17	4,3		0,0321	0,01
18	4,03		0,0339	0,01
19	3,76		0,0357	0,01
20	3,53		0,0375	0,01
21	3,34		0,0393	0,01
22	3,18		0,0411	0,01
23	3,02		0,0428	0,01
24	2,88		0,0446	0,01
25	2,74		0,0463	0,01
26	2,61		0,0481	0,01
27	2,49		0,0498	0,01
28	2,37		0,0515	0,01
29	2,27		0,0532	0,01
30	2,16		0,0548	0,01
31	2,07		0,0565	0,01
32	1,98		0,0581	0,01
33	1,89		0,0597	0,01
34	1,8		0,0613	0,01
35	1,72		0,0629	0,01
36	1,65		0,0645	0,01
37	1,57		0,0660	0,01
38	1,5		0,0675	0,01
39	1,43		0,0690	0,01
40	1,37		0,0705	0,01
41	1,31		0,0719	0,01
42	1,25		0,0734	0,01
43	1,19		0,0748	0,01
44	1,14		0,0762	0,01
45	1,08		0,0775	0,01
46	1,04		0,0789	0,01
47	0,99		0,0802	0,01
48	0,94		0,0815	0,01
49	0,9		0,0828	0,01
50	0,85		0,0840	0,01
51	0,82		0,0852	0,01
52	0,78		0,0864	0,01
53	0,74		0,0876	0,01
54	0,71		0,0887	0
55	0,67		0,0898	0
.	.		.		.
.	.		.		.
.	.		.		.
180	0,89		0,0000	0
			
				Sum=	0,97    -&gt; ~ 1.


</PRE>
<HR>
<P><BR><BR>
</P>
<H2><A NAME="Ahum"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>humgr</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Create an aerosol
size hygroscopic growth file.</I></B> Output file named humout
contain a table of how particle radius and density vary with respect
to relative humidity. <BR>e.g. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> <FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">5 13 12     * N types, N RH, N bins *</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> SEASALT     </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 0.00000000  * RELATIVE HUMIDITY *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Bin Number, Radius Ratio, Final Density</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 2 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 3 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 4 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 5 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 6 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 7 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 8 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 9 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 10 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 11 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 12 1.00000000    2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 10.00000000 * RELATIVE HUMIDITY *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Bin Number, Radius Ratio, Final Density</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1 1.000000000 2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 2 1.000000000 2240.000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> .</FONT></FONT></PRE>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Abmies"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>bmies</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Mutiple size bins,
wavelenght, relative humidity and aerosol species Mie's calculations.</I></B>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Input files: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>size bin definition file:
NAME.bns.bmi </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  10           * NUMBER OF SUB-SIZE-BIN DIVISIONS FOR CALCULATIONS *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0            *SUB-BIN PSD VALUES.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  12           *NOMBRE DE BINS*</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  1 0.005 0.01 *BIN NO, RMIN(micron), RMAX*</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  2 0.01 0.02</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  3 0.02 0.04</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  4 0.04 0.08</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  5 0.08 0.16</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  6 0.16 0.32</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  7 0.32 0.64</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  8 0.64 1.28</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  9 1.28 2.56</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  10 2.56 5.12</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  11 5.12 10.24</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  12 10.24 20.48</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> </FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>SUB-BIN PSD VALUES: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>La valeur est passee a la
routine mies qui l utilise pour definir la variation de la psd a l
interieur du bin. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<UL>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0=valeur
	constante sur tout le bin </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1=distribution
	lineaire entre la valeur du bin et la valeur du bin suivant. Cette
	option n est pas utilisee dans bmies car nous ne considerons qu un
	seul bin a la fois. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2=la
	valeur de la psd suit une distribution log-normale caracterisant le
	type de particule a partir du WCP-55 ou de Shettle et Fenn. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>3=proprotionnel
	a 1/X (moment 0) </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>4=proportionnel
	a abs(log X)/X (moment 1) </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<LI><P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>9=valeur non nul
	uniquement pour la premiere partie du sous bin. (seulement pour
	X=debut du bin) </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
</UL>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Le programme considere que
chaque bin est 2 fois plus grand que le precedent. Si tel n'est pas
le cas, une legere erreur sera rencontree lors du calcul de la
croissance hygrometrique des bornes de chaque bin car cet algorithme
est optimise pour des tailles=largeur1*2^(NB-1) </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>refractive index definition
file: NAME.ref.bmi </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  4                     * NUMBER OF AEROSOL TYPES*</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  7                      * NUMBER OF WAVELENGTH*</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  SEASALT               * AEROSOL TYPE *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  440 .44 1.5 2.544e-08 * WAVEL.ID,WAVEL.(um),R.REF.IND.,IMM.REF. IND.*</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  500 .50 1.5 1.55e-08</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  550 .55 1.5 1e-08</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  670 .67 1.49 1.0544e-07</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  860 .86 1.48 2.622e-05</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  940 .94 1.476 8.184e-05</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  1020 1.02 1.47 3.146e-04</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  SULFATE               * AEROSOL TYPE *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  440 .44 1.53 5e-03    * WAVEL.ID,WAVEL.(um),R.REF.IND.,IMM.REF. IND.*</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  500 .50 1.53 5e-03</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  550 .55 1.53 6e-03</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  water</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  440 0.44      1.3373E+0       1.4702E-9</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  500 0.5       1.3345E+0       1.0765E-9</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  550 0.55      1.3330E+0       2.1141E-9</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  670 0.67      1.331422        2.3788E-8</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  860 0.86      1.329036        3.2360E-7</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  940 0.94      1.32783         1.8309E-6</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  1020 1.02     1.326615        3.3905E-6</FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Typical output file:
NAME.res.bmi </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> <FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">      4      13     7        12                    * # types         , # wavelength, # bins *</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>            SULFATE</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 00   * Relative Humidity (%)*</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   .44000   .15300E+01   .50000E-02              * Wavelength (um),  mr,  mi             *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        1   .21166E-06   .90332E-08   .20263E-06 * Bin number     ,   C,  Cs, Ca (um^2)  *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        2   .22412E-05   .58041E-06   .16608E-05  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        3   .52030E-04   .37510E-04   .14521E-04  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        4   .23650E-02   .22167E-02   .14828E-03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        5   .73631E-01   .71808E-01   .18237E-02  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        6   .72733E+00   .70988E+00   .17444E-01  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        7   .17288E+01   .15865E+01   .14222E+00  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        8   .71431E+01   .62464E+01   .89671E+00  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        9   .26282E+02   .20850E+02   .54314E+01  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       10   .10121E+03   .70094E+02   .31115E+02  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       11   .39558E+03   .23758E+03   .15800E+03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       12   .15590E+04   .86697E+03   .69207E+03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   .50000   .15300E+01   .50000E-02              * Wavelength (um),  mr,  mi             *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        1   .18340E-06   .54154E-08   .17798E-06 * Bin number     ,   C,  Cs, Ca (um^2)  *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        2   .17987E-05   .34768E-06   .14510E-05  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        3   .34911E-04   .22453E-04   .12458E-04  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        4   .15129E-02   .13897E-02   .12317E-03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        .   </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       11   .40617E+03   .23058E+03   .17559E+03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       12   .15852E+04   .86517E+03   .72007E+03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  1.02000   .15200E+01   .15975E-01              * Wavelength (um),  mr,  mi             *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        1   .27979E-06   .30287E-09   .27949E-06 * Bin number     ,   C,  Cs, Ca (um^2)  *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        2   .22655E-05   .19398E-07   .22461E-05  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        3   .19536E-04   .12448E-05   .18291E-04  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        4   .23663E-03   .80249E-04   .15638E-03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        5   .64800E-02   .49535E-02   .15266E-02  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        6   .20477E+00   .18618E+00   .18580E-01  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        7   .25996E+01   .24276E+01   .17207E+00  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        8   .76533E+01   .63188E+01   .13345E+01  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        9   .28077E+02   .20365E+02   .77122E+01  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       10   .10666E+03   .67208E+02   .39453E+02  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       11   .40743E+03   .22910E+03   .17832E+03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       12   .15886E+04   .86477E+03   .72383E+03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 10   * Relative Humidity (%)*</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   .44000   .15300E+01   .50000E-02              * Wavelength (um),  mr,  mi             *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        1   .21166E-06   .90332E-08   .20263E-06 * Bin number     ,   C,  Cs, Ca (um^2)  *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        2   .22412E-05   .58041E-06   .16608E-05  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        3   .52030E-04   .37510E-04   .14521E-04  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        .    </FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Recommandations for
bmies optical calculations validation.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The best way to validate
the bmies results is to run imies for each bmies size-bin using a
standard bi-modal log-normal PSD inside the bin as defined by Shettle
and Fenn (1979). You can also use the uni-modal log-normal PSD
parameters suggested below from table 4.5 of WCP-55. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<CENTER>
	<TABLE WIDTH=225 BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=3>
		<COL WIDTH=115>
		<COL WIDTH=45>
		<COL WIDTH=39>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=115>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>species</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=45>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>r (um)</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=39>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>sigma</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=115>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Water soluble</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=45>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0285</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=39>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.239</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=115>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Dust-like</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=45>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.471</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=39>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.512</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=115>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Soot</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=45>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0118</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=39>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.00</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=115>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>75% H2SO4</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=45>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0695</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=39>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.86</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=115>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Volcanic ash</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=45>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.217</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=39>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.77</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=115>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Desert dust storm</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=45>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>10.8</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=39>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.74</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
	</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>You
have to compute the size parameters equivalent of the size bin
limits. The size param. is define as <I>X=2 pi r / wavlen</I> where <I>r</I>
is the particle radius in the same units than the wavelength. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Ainterp"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>inter</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Interpolate a sparse
aerosol optical depth map.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Input file: a pgm ascII
optical depth file. The numerical values (<I>NV</I>) have to be coded
using the simple tansformation <I>NV=AOD*100</I>. The null pixels
should take the following values (253, 254, 255). </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The main interpolating
algoritm is based on an weight 1/distance^2 fonction using values
encontered inside a box size defined by the user. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/interp.gif" NAME="Image5" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=117 HEIGHT=40 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>where
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<TABLE WIDTH=363 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0>
	<COL WIDTH=359>
	<TR>
		<TD WIDTH=359>
			<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>NV'</I> = output
			numerical value,</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
	</TR>
	<TR>
		<TD WIDTH=359>
			<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>NV<SUB>n</SUB></I> =
			input numerical value inside the interpolating box,</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
	</TR>
	<TR>
		<TD WIDTH=359>
			<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>r'</I> = position
			vector of the output pixel, and</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
	</TR>
	<TR>
		<TD WIDTH=359>
			<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>r<SUB>n</SUB></I> =
			position vector of each input pixels.</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
	</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The user can also use the
following interpolating functions: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>    nearest neighbour ... 0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>    linear .............. 1</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>    cubic ............... 2</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>    mean ................ 3</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>    minimum ............. 4</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>    maximum ............. 5</FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>In order to implement optimal
interpolation for functions 1 and 2 of inter, the pixel weight is not
only determined by the distance. The weight is also inversely related
to the number plus one of immediate non null neighbours. This avoid
overestimates coming from non uniform distribution of pixels. <BR>In
the example below, we present an extreme case where the proximity of
pixels A and B result in an over estimate of pixel P value if optimal
interpolation is not implemented. If we consider pixel A=100=B and
C=50 we get an interpolated value of 83 for pixel P. With optimal
interpolation, we obtain (100/2+100/2+50/1)/(1/2+1/2+1/1) = 75 which
is clearly more realistic. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=3>0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=3>0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=3>0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=3>0 A 0 P 0 C 0 0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=3>0 B 0 0 0 0 0 0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=3>0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=3>0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=3>0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>There is two main mode for
inter. In the manual mode, the user have to fix the size of the
sliding box. If there are important gaps in the initial optical depth
map this may result in gaps in the output map. In the automatic mode,
interp choose the sliding box in order to remove all gaps in the
output file. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The output may have
resolution and lower left corner pixel central coordinates different
from the input map. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Examples
of interpolated images:</B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/interp1.gif" NAME="Image6" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=147 HEIGHT=150 BORDER=0>
Original image </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/interp2.gif" NAME="Image7" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=150 BORDER=0>
sliding box too small 
<IMG SRC="Images/interp4.gif" NAME="Image8" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=150 BORDER=0>
automatic mode </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/globule.gif" NAME="Image9" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=150 BORDER=0>
Orginal image 
<IMG SRC="Images/globule_1.gif" NAME="Image10" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=150 BORDER=0>
degraded image </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/globule_2.gif" NAME="Image11" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=150 BORDER=0>
first interpolation </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Acomposite"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>compo</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Create an aerosol
optical depth time composite map from many maps.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>This fonction read the
values of N input files (of same size and coordinates of course) and
take the mean for each pixel. Is is possible to wisely combine data
from various sources since the associated error of each data source
can be considered. The mean is then taken by according a wheight
proportional to the inverse of the associated error. Pixel value of
0. , 253, 254 and 255 are not taken into account. If there is no data
corresponding to a particular pixel position, the value 254 will be
written in the output file. compo can also be used to add images </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Example:</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><BR><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="Images/compos_1.gif" NAME="Image12" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=190 HEIGHT=105 BORDER=1></FONT></FONT>
<FONT COLOR="#000000">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="Images/compos_2.gif" NAME="Image13" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=190 HEIGHT=105 BORDER=1></FONT></FONT>
<FONT COLOR="#000000">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="Images/compos_3.gif" NAME="Image14" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=190 HEIGHT=105 BORDER=1></FONT></FONT><BR>Original
images </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="Images/compos.gif" NAME="Image15" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=580 HEIGHT=320 BORDER=1></FONT></FONT>
<BR>Composite image </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="Images/compos+interp.gif" NAME="Image16" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=580 HEIGHT=320 BORDER=1></FONT></FONT>
<BR>Interpolation of the above composite image using inter with a 1
by 1 degree box. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Adrawaod"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>drawa</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Create a latitude
longitude points files to draw shapes on an aerosol optical depth
map.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>That file may be use as
input for writa. It is useful if you want to locate an particular
geographical point or to draw a trajectory path. 6 kind of shape are
supported: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>points<BR>lines
<BR>squares<BR>rectangles<BR>circles<BR>targets</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>All the above shapes are
drawn with a one pixel width line. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: medium"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Sample
output file: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> <FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">136</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 52.32696152 268.2687988 2.55</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 52.35370636 268.2651367 2.55</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 52.38002014 268.2591248 2.55</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 52.40568161 268.2507629 2.55</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 52.43048859 268.2401428 2.55</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   .                          .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   .                          .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   .                          .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 53.63126373 271.3260193 2.55</FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The shape could be &laquo;&nbsp;print&nbsp;&raquo;
on an aerosol map by using the writa function.</FONT></FONT></P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Awriteaod"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>writa</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Write
AOD value on an aerosol optical depth map from a lat-long-AOD file.</I></B>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Example
of inputs: -&gt; drawa output file (in the case below aod values come
from the drawa function). Values equal to 255 are converted into
white by color function.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: medium"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Example
of output*:</B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT COLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="Images/draw.gif" NAME="Image17" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=387 HEIGHT=346 BORDER=1></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>*
This image was colored using color</FONT></FONT></P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Areadaod"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>reada</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Read aerosol optical
depth values and compute simple statistics around some particular
locations.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: medium"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Example
of outputs:</FONT></FONT></P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> ----------------------------------------------</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>                        RESULTS</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> AOD*100 around site # 1</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   3   8  17  20  18   6  13  12   7</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   8   5   3   6  10  10   6   4   3</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   9   8   4   3   3   5   8   5   6</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   7  11   8   5   5   7   8   6  12</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   6  14  17   8   6  12   7   4  13</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   7  12  13  12  13   3   9   7   5</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  20  20  15  14  17  23  18  11   9</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  26  21  13  12  12  26 254  45  30</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  14  11   6  13  10   9 254 254  37</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Site # 1</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Central pixel value = 6</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Mean over 3x3 box   = 8</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Mean over 5x5 box   = 10</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Mean over 7x7 box   = 11</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Mean over 9x9 box   = 11</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Min = 3 Max = 45</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Stdv (3x3 box)  =  3.41384244</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Histogram for the 9x9 box</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  5.10  *****************************</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  9.30  *****************</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 13.50  *****************</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 17.70  *****</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 21.90  *****</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 26.10  **</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 30.30  *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 34.50  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 38.70  *</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 42.90  ****</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> AOD*100 for site # 2= no data</FONT></FONT></PRE><P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">
<BR>
</P>
<HR>
<H2 ALIGN=LEFT><A NAME="Acoloraod"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>color</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Create a color coded
aerosol optical depth map.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>For an horizontal map, a
gray geographical mask could be add. The user may choose a white
border width to illustrate the buffer zone used in AODSEM.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>For all type of maps, if
the 255 value is encontered (usually generated by writa), color will
put a white pixel,otherwise the color will be define by using the
color code illustrated below, where an aerosol optical depth of 1.
correspond to the red color and an aod of 0. corresdond to a black
pixel. The near white color (R=254,G=254,B=254) will be assigned if
the aod is greater than 1. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Color
code:</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><BR><IMG SRC="Images/color-code.gif" NAME="Image18" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=525 HEIGHT=65 BORDER=0>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: medium"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Examples
of input and output files:</B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>horizontal
map</I></B> <BR><IMG SRC="Images/coloraodpgm.gif" NAME="Image19" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=250 HEIGHT=250 BORDER=0>
input 
<IMG SRC="Images/coloraodppm.gif" NAME="Image20" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=250 HEIGHT=250 BORDER=0>
output </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>vertical
map</I></B> <BR><IMG SRC="Images/coloraodpgmv.gif" NAME="Image21" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=250 HEIGHT=89 BORDER=0>
input 
<IMG SRC="Images/coloraodppmv.gif" NAME="Image22" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=250 HEIGHT=89 BORDER=0>
output </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="patmo"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>patmo</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Convert
a &laquo;&nbsp;</I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">.out&nbsp;&raquo;
</SPAN><I>patmos-2 aerosol optical depth output file into a &laquo;&nbsp;</I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">.pgm</SPAN><I>&nbsp;&raquo;
AODSEM AOD file. </I></B></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="angst"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>angst</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Convert
an aerosol optical depth map for wavelenght 1 to an AOD map for
wavelenght 2 using an Angstrom spectral exponent of 1.3. </B></I></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="speci"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>speci</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Create
an aerosol optical depth map for wavelenght 2 by
interpolating-extrapolating from two initial aod maps (wavelength 0
and wavelength 1) using the angstrom law. </B></I></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="simar"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>simar</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Perform
simple aritmetics on a AOD map.</B></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">This
function allow image aritmetic operation (+, -, /, *) </SPAN></SPAN>with
an uniform numerical value (e.g. Image1 / 3.).</FONT></FONT></P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="aodar"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>aodar</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Perform
aritmetics with two AOD maps.</B></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>This function allow images
aritmetics operations (+, -, /, *). RMS error can also be computed.
The RMS value is written in the header of the .pgm output file.</FONT></FONT></P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="diffu"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>diffu</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Create
a diffusiogram from two AOD maps.</B></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="corco"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>corco</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Compute
the correlation coefficient from a two colunm ascII file.</B></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="norma"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>calib</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Calibrate an aerosol
optical depth map with more reliable ponctual AOD measurements taken
by sunphotometers. </B></I></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>This function first produce
a scatterogram (map vs ponctual) and then fit a function to those
data. Finally, a corrected map is computed using the fitted function.
Typical sunphotometer file: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 3</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 35.  270. .55</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 46.  290. .35</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> 47.  271. .55</FONT></FONT></PRE><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The first line contain the
number of sites, and the following represent each data i.e. Latitude,
longitude, AOD. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>output fit parameter file: &laquo;<B>demo_nor.fit</B>&raquo;:</FONT></FONT>

<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> <FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">ODimage ODref   ODfit</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.189999998  0.550000012  0.550000012</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.150000006  0.349999994  0.434210569</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.189999998  0.550000012  0.550000012</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> AOD corrected=  0.+  2.89473701* AOD+  0.* AOD^2</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> ChiSquare=  0.0101306019</FONT></FONT></PRE><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">
<BR>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="nodat"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>nodat</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Create an empty AOD
map . </B></I></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration: none"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">All
values are set to 255 wich correspond to the AODSEM no data code.</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="xytto"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>xytto</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Create an AOD map
from a lat-lon-AOD file . </B></I></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: medium; text-decoration: none">
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>This function have been
specially designed to allow a quick AOD map creation from data stored
in another geographical projection than the lat-lon one used in
AODSEM.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration: none"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">Sample
lat-lon-AOD file</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN> :</FONT></FONT></P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>4</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>36 270 1.00</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>36.2 271 1.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>45 280 2.00</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>45.7 280 2</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>The first line contain the number of data points.  The next lines contain the data in the following format:</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>Latitude Longitude AOD. </FONT></FONT></PRE>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="stati"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>stati</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Perform
basic statistics on AOD maps.</B></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="plotf"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>plotf</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Plot
a x-y file using the PGPLOT library.</B></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="histo"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>histo</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Compute
and plot and histogram of an x-y file or a pgm image.</B></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Aaodto3d"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>aodto</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Create a aerosol
number density 3-d distribution from an aerosol optical depth map , a
vertical profile model and Shettle and Fenn's (1979) aerosol models. </B></I></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/aodto.jpg" NAME="Image48" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=665 HEIGHT=522 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
<H3 STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Input
files:</FONT></FONT></H3>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The main input file is an
aerosol optical depth image of arbitrary statial resolution. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The user should also create
a crossection database file &laquo;&nbsp;.res.bmi&nbsp;&raquo;
typically generated by the bmies function. The &laquo;&nbsp;.res.bmi&nbsp;&raquo;
should look like this: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        4        13         7        12          #types,#R.H.,#wlength,#bins</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>            SULFATE</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 00   Relative Humidity (%)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   .44000   .15300E+01   .50000E-02               Wavelength (um),  mr,  mi</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        1   .18050E-06   .69545E-08   .17355E-06 Bin number     ,   C,  Cs, Ca (um^2)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        2   .18184E-05   .42967E-06   .13887E-05  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        3   .36318E-04   .24972E-04   .11346E-04  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        4   .91238E-03   .83273E-03   .79650E-04  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        5   .84302E-01   .82258E-01   .20437E-02  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        6   .71795E+00   .70078E+00   .17160E-01  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        7   .16891E+01   .15535E+01   .13561E+00  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        8   .68555E+01   .60061E+01   .84942E+00  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        9   .24999E+02   .19899E+02   .50994E+01  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       10   .95941E+02   .66806E+02   .29134E+02  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       11   .37380E+03   .22560E+03   .14821E+03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>       12   .14699E+04   .81874E+03   .65113E+03  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>   .50000   .15300E+01   .50000E-02               Wavelength (um),  mr,  mi</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        1   .15705E-06   .41888E-08   .15286E-06 Bin number     ,   C,  Cs, Ca (um^2)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        2   .14806E-05   .25990E-06   .12207E-05  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        3   .25355E-04   .15423E-04   .99318E-05  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        4   .61680E-03   .54598E-03   .70820E-04  </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        .       .             .            .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        .       .             .            .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>        .       .             .            .</FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Finally, the user should
provide a relative humidity 3D distribution as described below. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<H3><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Supported wavelenght:</FONT></FONT></H3>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Only seven wavelenght are
supported by aodto3d (440 nm, 500 nm, 550 nm, 670 nm, 860 nm, 940 nm,
1020 nm). Those key wavelenght was choosen to fit the more common
satellite and ground based detectors. If the initial optical depth
map wavelenght dont fit with one of the above wavelenght, the user
may use angst or speci functions in order to convert AOD values to
another wavelength. This conversion is based on a pixel by pixel
Angstrom coefficient interpolation. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/Angstrom.gif" NAME="Image23" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=90 HEIGHT=30 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>If the user dont have AOD
maps for two different wavelength , the conversion is done by
assuming a constant Angstrom coefficient value of 1.3 (function
angst). </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<H3><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Vertical profile:</FONT></FONT></H3>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Considering the level of
uncertainties in aerosol models and the variability in vertical
profiles, it is recommanded to use simplistic vertical profiles.
There are three possible vertical profiles functions. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<OL>
	<LI><P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The simplest is an
	exponential profile with a 2 km scale height as used in the Second
	Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S)
	(Vermote <I>et al.,</I> 1997).</FONT></FONT></P>
	<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/profile-exp.gif" NAME="Image24" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=115 HEIGHT=53 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
	<P><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><I>N<SUB>s</SUB></I>,
	which vary accordingly to the aerosol model and the size bin, is
	obtained from the normalization of the profile so that the total
	integrated optical depth over all size, particle species and <I>z</I>,
	is equal to the optical depth of the corresponding pixel on the
	original AOD image. This calculation take into account the relative
	humidity (<I>RH</I>) effect on aerosol optical properties. Those
	propreties have to be pre-computed using </FONT></FONT><A HREF="#Abmies"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times, serif">bmies</FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times, serif">
	function. The 3D <I>RH</I> file should come from meteorological
	observations, forecast, or analyses. In the absence of 3D data, the
	user may create a <I>RH</I> file with a constant representative <I>RH</I>
	value. It is simply done by considering the <I>RH</I> 3D
	distribution as one huge cell like this: </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<PRE><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2># Relative humidity 3-d file for AODSEM</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>12 00 00 15 04 1999   TU (hh mm ss), Date (jj mm yyyy)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1                 Number of X cells</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 50.               Largeur de la cellule en degres selon x </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1                 Number of Y cells</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 50.               largeur de la cellule en degres selon y </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1                 Number of Z cells</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 50000.            largeur de la couche (m)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 25. 25. 0.        Position du centre de la cellule inferieure gauche (lat,lon,alt)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>DATA</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2># Level: 1</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>60 </FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
	<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>In the above case, the
	overall <I>RH</I> value is set to 60. Note that the horizontal
	extent of the original aerosol optical depth map have to be inside
	the limits defined by the latitude (X) and longitude (Y) width (here
	50.) and the lower left cell center position (e.g. 0. to 50. along
	each axis). </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<LI><P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The Sturm's (1981)
	fits to the McClatchey vertical profile data can also be used. This
	parametrization is separated into 3 vertical zones: a) sea level to
	<I>L<SUB>1</SUB></I>, b) <I>L<SUB>1</SUB></I> to <I>L<SUB>2</SUB></I>,
	and c) <I>L<SUB>2</SUB></I> to TO<SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">A</SPAN>.
	Here <I>L<SUB>1</SUB></I>=5.5 km, <I>L<SUB>2</SUB></I>=18 km. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/Sturm.gif" NAME="Image25" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=237 HEIGHT=73 BORDER=0>.
	</FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>In the Sturm - McClatchey
	case, <I>H<SUB>2</SUB></I> take the 3.77 km value, and <I>H<SUB>1 </SUB></I>is
	obtained from a lookup table which link <I>H<SUB>1 </SUB></I>to the
	total aerosol optical depth. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The two values of <I>H<SUB>1
	</SUB></I>for 23 km and 5 km visibilities reported by McClatchey,
	fitted by a linear expression give the simple relation: </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/H1vsVis.gif" NAME="Image26" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=129 HEIGHT=13 BORDER=0>,
	</FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Assuming a constant value
	for the extinction cross section, the optical depth may be
	integrated over the vertical profile. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/tauinf_def.gif" NAME="Image27" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=129 HEIGHT=25 BORDER=0>
	</FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/tauinf_a.gif" NAME="Image28" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=345 HEIGHT=19 BORDER=0>
	</FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>where </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/N(0).gif" NAME="Image29" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=148 HEIGHT=29 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>so that </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/tauinf_b.gif" NAME="Image30" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=312 HEIGHT=19 BORDER=0>.</FONT></FONT></P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The Koschmeider's relation
	(<I>k<SUB>a</SUB>(0)</I>) give the extinction coefficient for <I>z</I>=0
	at 550 nm: </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/ka(0).gif" NAME="Image31" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=183 HEIGHT=29 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>where we have included an
	Angstrom coefficient extrapolation with a=1.3 as done by O'Neill and
	Freemantle (1995). </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>We finally obtain the TOA
	aerosol optical depth as a function of the visibility: </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/tauinfvsVis.gif" NAME="Image32" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=696 HEIGHT=29 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>We can then compute values
	of <I>H<SUB>1 </SUB></I>and the TOA aerosol optical depth by varying
	the visibility value (<I>Vis</I>) to create the look-up table shown
	below. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%">
	<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>From the original lookup
	table &laquo;&nbsp;AODSEM/Nesfiles/tau-H1.txt&nbsp;&raquo;:</B></FONT></FONT></P>
	<CENTER>
		<TABLE WIDTH=127 BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=3>
			<COL WIDTH=74>
			<COL WIDTH=34>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>tau inf </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>H1</FONT></FONT></P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.019665 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.95 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.302904 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.15 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.206892 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.35 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.170069 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.55 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.150605 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.75 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.138115 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.95 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.128856 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.15 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.121207 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.35 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.114395 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.55 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.108027 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.75 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.101902 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.95 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0959141 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>3.15 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.09001 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>3.35 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
			<TR>
				<TD WIDTH=74>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0841649 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
				<TD WIDTH=34>
					<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>3.55 </FONT></FONT>
					</P>
				</TD>
			</TR>
		</TABLE>
	</CENTER>
	<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Note: The
	number density assigned to each vertical level of the model is set
	to a constant value which correspond to the mean number density of
	the level. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<LI><P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The third and highly
	suggested profile was inspired by the simple model described in the
	Standard Radiative Atmosphere report (SRA 1982). </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>In the Planetary Boundary
	Layer (PBL) from 0 to 2 km altitude we use an exponential profile
	divided into 8 discrete levels. The next level from 2 km to 12 km
	have a constant number densite so that the aerosol optical depth of
	that level for rural model under normal atmospheric conditions is 8
	time smaller than the PBL aerosol optical depth. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
</OL>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/comparaison-profil.jpg" NAME="Image33" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=316 HEIGHT=495 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Vertical
levels of the model:</B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<CENTER>
	<TABLE WIDTH=300 BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=3 BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
		<COL WIDTH=38>
		<COL WIDTH=70>
		<COL WIDTH=79>
		<COL WIDTH=72>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Level</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Height limit </FONT></FONT>
				</P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Mean height </FONT></FONT>
				</P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Level width</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><BR>
				</P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>(km)</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>(km)</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>(km)</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><BR>
				</P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><BR>
				</P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.165</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0825</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.165</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.345</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.255</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.180</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>3</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.542</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.4435</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.197</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>4</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.760</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.651</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.218</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>5</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.006</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.883</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.246</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>6</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.286</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.146</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.280</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>7</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.611</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.4485 </FONT></FONT>
				</P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.325</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>8</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.000</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.8055</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.389</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>9</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>12.000</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>7.000</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>10.000</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=38>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>10</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=70>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>30.000</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=79>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>21.000</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=72>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>18.000</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
	</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<H3><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The local aerosol model</FONT></FONT></H3>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The local aerosol model is
choosen from a combination of three initial Shettle and Fenn's (1979)
basic models (rural, urban, oceanic) themself obtained from a mix of
the 4 original particle type: 1- SULFATE (<I>SU</I>), 2-BLACKCARBON
(<I>BC</I>), 3- SOILDUST (<I>SD</I>), 4- SEASALT (<I>SS</I>). </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>In order to determine the
particle type ratios (<I>R<SUB>S</SUB></I>) wich define the particle
species relative contribution to the aerosol number density, let us
introduce the land ratio (<I>R<SUB>l</SUB></I>) and the urban ratio
(<I>R<SUB>u</SUB></I>) wich represent respectively the fraction of
the aerosol model from land origin (rural or urban) and the fraction
of the land aerosol model that come from urban origin. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The <I>SS</I> contribution
is then obtained from the equation below: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/RSS.gif" NAME="Image34" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=81 HEIGHT=13 BORDER=0>,</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>and for the three other one
species: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/RS.gif" NAME="Image35" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=206 HEIGHT=14 BORDER=0>,</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>where <I>T</I>
may take the value <I>SU</I>, <I>BC</I>, or <I>SD</I>. <I>R<SUB>Surban</SUB></I>
or <I>R<SUB>Srural </SUB></I>is the <I>R<SUB>S</SUB></I> values that
is given in the table below for the corresponding model. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Shettle
and Fenn's model caracteristics for 0% relative humidity</B> :</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<TABLE WIDTH=761 BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=3>
	<COL WIDTH=112>
	<COL WIDTH=62>
	<COL WIDTH=64>
	<COL WIDTH=63>
	<COL WIDTH=60>
	<COL WIDTH=61>
	<COL WIDTH=42>
	<COL WIDTH=57>
	<COL WIDTH=61>
	<COL WIDTH=40>
	<COL WIDTH=57>
	<TR>
		<TD WIDTH=112>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Model name</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=62>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>SU ratio
			(<I>R<SUB>SU</SUB></I>)</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=64>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>BC ratio
			(<I>R<SUB>BC</SUB></I>)</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=63>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>SD ratio
			(<I>R<SUB>SD</SUB></I>)</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=60>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>SS ratio
			(<I>R<SUB>SS</SUB></I>)</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=61>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>N<SUB>1</SUB></I></FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=42>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>r<SUB>1</SUB>
			</I>(um)</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=57>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>log(sig<SUB>1</SUB>)</I></FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=61>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>N<SUB>2</SUB></I></FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=40>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>r<SUB>2
			</SUB></I>(um)</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=57>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>log(sig<SUB>2</SUB>)</I></FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
	</TR>
	<TR>
		<TD WIDTH=112>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>RURAL</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=62>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.7</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=64>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=63>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.3</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=60>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=61>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.999875</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=42>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.027</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=57>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.35</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=61>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.000125</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=40>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.43</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=57>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.4</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
	</TR>
	<TR>
		<TD WIDTH=112>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>URBAN</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=62>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.56</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=64>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.2</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=63>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.24</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=60>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=61>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.999875</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=42>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.025</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=57>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.35</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=61>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.000125</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=40>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.4</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=57>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.4</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
	</TR>
	<TR>
		<TD WIDTH=112>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>MARITIME</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=62>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=64>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=63>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=60>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=61>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=42>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.16</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=57>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.4</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=61>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=40>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>-</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=57>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>-</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
	</TR>
	<TR>
		<TD WIDTH=112>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Troposphere
			(z&gt;2km)</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=62>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.7</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=64>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=63>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.3</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=60>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=61>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=42>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.0</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=57>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.027</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=61>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.35</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=40>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>-</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
		<TD WIDTH=57>
			<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>-</FONT></FONT></P>
		</TD>
	</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>From tables 1
and 2 of Shettle and Fenn (1979). </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>A urban mask derived from
GEIA fossil fuel back carbon emission inventory is used to determine
<I>R<SUB>u</SUB></I>. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">GEIA
intentory: Fossil fuel black carbon emissions (tonnes/1 x 1 deg)</SPAN>:</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/FFbc.gif" NAME="Image36" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=700 HEIGHT=441 BORDER=0>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>We have chosen 4 urban
categories (100% urban (<I>R<SUB>u</SUB></I>=1.), 66% urban
(<I>R<SUB>u</SUB></I>=0.66), 22% urban (<I>R<SUB>u</SUB></I>=0.22)
and 0% urban (<I>R<SUB>u</SUB></I>=0.)) in order to minimise
discontinuities. The 100% case correspond to an annual fossil fuel
emission rate greater or equal to 3000 tons/1 x1 deg. The 66% and 22%
cases prevail for respective emission rate values ranging between
1000-3000 tons/1 x1 deg. and 300-1000 tons/1 x1 deg.. Finally the 0%
case correspond to all emissions rates below 300 tons/1 x1 deg.. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>1
x1 degrees urban mask used by aodto3d:</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/urbanmask.gif" NAME="Image37" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=600 HEIGHT=300 BORDER=0>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Similarly, the <I>R<SUB>l</SUB></I>
value is extracted from the land-sea mask shown below. This map is
derived from a 1 x 1 degree world map gradually changing from land
model to sea model over 3 degrees (100% land (<I>R<SUB>l</SUB></I>=1.),
66% land 34% sea (<I>R<SUB>l</SUB></I>=0.66), 34% land 66% (<I>R<SUB>l</SUB></I>=0.34),
0% land (<I>R<SUB>l</SUB></I>=0.)). Aerosols could rarely stay in the
atmosphere more than a few days since they are likely removed by dry
or wet deposition The latter process occur when waterdrops capture
aerosols (in-cloud and under cloud). The 3 degree mixed zone
correspond approximatly to a 2 days stay at about 10 km/h wind speed.
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Land
sea mask used by Aaodto3d:</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/land-sea.gif" NAME="Image38" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=600 HEIGHT=300 BORDER=0>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<H3><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Shettle and Fenn's aerosol
model particle size distribution (PSD)</FONT></FONT></H3>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>As Shettle and Fenn (1979),
we used a bi-modal log normal size distribution: </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/lognorm_eqn.gif" NAME="Image39" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=357 HEIGHT=39 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I>r</I> is the geometric
radius, <BR><I>r<SUB>i </SUB></I>is the geometric mean radius <BR><I>sigma</I>
is the geometric standard deviation </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>following usual
conventions, log is the logarithm to the base 10 and ln the logarithm
to the base e. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>In AODSEM, we have choosen
12 size bins which are the same as those adopted for NARCM. Radius
limits are shown in table below. In order to put the size
distribution information into the output 3D distribution, we compute
the size distribution value for the center radius of each bin x the
bin width and apply this result to define the number density fraction
for each bins (<I>R<SUB>b</SUB></I>) giving the total number density
fraction of each particle species for each size bins. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/Rb.gif" NAME="Image40" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=123 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>where 
<IMG SRC="Images/rmoyenb.gif" NAME="Image41" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=75 HEIGHT=25 BORDER=0>
and 
<IMG SRC="Images/deltarb.gif" NAME="Image42" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=81 HEIGHT=13 BORDER=0>.
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>This fraction is applied to
the previously defined particle type fractions <I>R<SUB>S</SUB></I>
giving the global ratio <I>R<SUB>G</SUB></I>. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/RG.gif" NAME="Image43" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=78 HEIGHT=13 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Size
bins definition:</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<CENTER>
	<TABLE WIDTH=402 BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=3>
		<COL WIDTH=98>
		<COL WIDTH=130>
		<COL WIDTH=148>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Bin number (<I>b</I>)</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>minimum radius (<I>r<SUB>b</SUB></I>)</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>maximum radius (<I>r<SUB>b+1</SUB></I>)</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>(units)</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>(micons)</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>(microns)</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.005</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.01</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.01</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.02</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>3</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.02</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.04</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>4</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.04</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.08</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>5</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.08</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.16</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>6</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.16</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.32</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>7</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.32</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.64</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>8</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>0.64</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.28</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>9</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>1.28</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.56</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>10</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>2.56</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>5.12</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>11</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>5.12</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>10.24</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
		<TR>
			<TD WIDTH=98>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>12</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=130>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>10.24</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
			<TD WIDTH=148>
				<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>20.48</FONT></FONT></P>
			</TD>
		</TR>
	</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<P><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Example of output 3-D
file: </B></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<PRE><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=2> <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">3-d aerosol distribution file for AODSEM from aodto3d.f</FONT></FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> Units of 1.e+4 part/m^3</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 0 0 0 1 1 2000TU (hh mm ss), Date (jj mm yyyy)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 12  Number of size bins</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1  0.00499999989  0.00999999978</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 2  0.00999999978  0.0199999996</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 3  0.0199999996  0.0399999991</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 4  0.0399999991  0.0799999982</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 5  0.0799999982  0.159999996</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 6  0.159999996  0.319999993</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 7  0.319999993  0.639999986</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 8  0.639999986  1.27999997</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 9  1.27999997  2.55999994</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 10  2.55999994  5.11999989</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 11  5.11999989  10.2399998</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 12  10.2399998  20.4799995</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 6  Number of X cells</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  4.  Size of X cell</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 11  Number of Y cells</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  4.  Size of Y cell</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 10  Number of Z cells</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  165.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  180.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  197.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  218.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  246.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  280.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  325.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  389.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  10000.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  18000.</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  33.  267.  0.  X0, Y0, Z0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 4  Number of aerosol types</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> SULFATE        </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> BLACKCARBON    </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> SOILDUST       </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> SEASALT        </FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> DATA</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2># AEROSOL TYPE: SULFATE   SIZE BIN:  1 VERTICAL LEVEL:  1</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 46478 46478 56263 314 51371 41586 36693 46478 36693 236 0 80726 85116 64482</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 54165 36693 36693 41586 1276 0 662 173 100295 95403 66048 47320 72225 56263</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1182 2884 454 0 0 110080 105188 56263 47320 42339 198 0 0 0 0 0 100295 80726</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 61156 41586 520 0 0 0 0 0 0 90510 70941 61156 1466 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2># AEROSOL TYPE: SULFATE   SIZE BIN:  1 VERTICAL LEVEL:  2</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  .</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> # AEROSOL TYPE: SEASALT   SIZE BIN: 12 VERTICAL LEVEL: 10</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 11 6 1000000</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</FONT></FONT></PRE>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Aderes"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>deres</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Reduce the horizontal
resolution of a 3D aerosol distribution.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The user select the size of
the number density averaging box (2x2 to 10x10). The vertical
resolution is not modified. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Aerosol
optical depth from full resolution 3D distribution and 6 x 6 cells
averaging box.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/demo_1.gif" NAME="Image44" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=250 HEIGHT=250 BORDER=0>
<IMG SRC="Images/demo_6.gif" NAME="Image45" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=250 HEIGHT=250 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
<HR>
<H2 ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>matin</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>AOD
Spatio-temporal linear interpolator.</I></B></FONT></FONT></P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Aatmo"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>dynam</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>
<B><I>Semi-Lagrangian-Eularian aerosol transport model.</I></B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Wind
drag, buoyancy and gravitational forces condition TM dynamics.
Important meteorological variables are analysed winds, geopotential
height, dew point depression, and temperature. This dataset was
acquired from the Canadian meteorological centre Global Environmental
Multi-scale model (GEM) [4]. Vertical winds and relative humidity
fields are computed from GEM variables. Relative humidity is
particularly important since it affects aerosol mechanical and
optical properties (hygroscopic growth). In the TM, each particle
size for each particle type (black carbon, sulphate, sea salt and
soil dust) is considered as a particular tracer for each model grid
point (12 size bins 0.005-20.24 mm are used to define the size
distribution). One important tracer property is the number of
particles inside the initial grid cell. The results of the dynamical
computations used to transport the tracers in 3D space defined a new
spreading of tracers that are resampled onto the initial model grid
after each time step. This process results in time variations of the
particle number density tracer property. During each time step, dry
removal, wet scavenging (in-cloud and under cloud) effects and
emission inputs are computed and applied to the particle budget in
each grid cell. Dynam account for aerosol emissions of sulfate and
black carbon (based on the Global Emission Inventory activity (GEIA)
and sea salt emission rates given by surface winds as parametrized by
Mohahan <I>et al</I>., 1986.  Domain frontiers are filled  using the
Global Aerosol Data Set (GADS) aerosol background.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/circul2.jpg" NAME="Image47" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=665 HEIGHT=416 BORDER=0></FONT></FONT></P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="A3dtoaod"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>3dtoa</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Make an optical depth
map and simulate sunphotometer optical depth observation from a 3-D
aerosol distribution.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>Inputs:</B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<OL>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>&laquo;&nbsp;NAME1.res.bmi&nbsp;&raquo;
	is an optical extinciton cross section file produce by function
	bmies. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>&laquo;&nbsp;NAME2.dat&nbsp;&raquo;
	is a 3-D aerosol distribution generated by aodto, deres, or dynam
	functions. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>&laquo;&nbsp;NAME2.rhu&nbsp;&raquo;
	is a 3-D relative humidity file. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<LI><P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>&laquo;&nbsp;NAME2.vis&nbsp;&raquo;
	is an observing output definition file. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ex.:</B> </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<PRE><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1      Number of sights</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 90.    ANGLE ELEVATION PHOTOMETRE</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 0.     ANGLE AZIMUT PHOTOMETRE</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 33.    Lattitude PHOTOMETRE (degres)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 267.   Longitude PHOTOMETRE (degres)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 0.     Z PHOTOMETRE (metre)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1      Number of slices</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 3      Integration Axis(1=lat,2=lon,3=height)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 1      from line/column/level #</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 10     to</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 45.    ANGLE ELEVATION SOLEIL</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> 0.     ANGLE AZIMUT SOLEIL</FONT></FONT></PRE>
</OL>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>outputs:</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<OL>
	<LI><P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>&laquo;&nbsp;NAME2.pho&nbsp;&raquo;
	is a file describing instrumental observation simulations like
	sunphotometer position and viewing angle and integrated optical
	depth along observing direction for all key wavelength. </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>ex.: </FONT></FONT>
	</P>
	<PRE><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  33.  267.  photometer position (lat,long)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  0.  photometer height (meter)</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>  90.  0.  elevation, Azimut sight</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> tau(400       nm):  0.266147971</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> tau(500       nm):  0.231571108</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> tau(550       nm):  0.20745036</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> tau(670       nm):  0.165138707</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> tau(860       nm):  0.117821559</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> tau(940       nm):  0.104450308</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2> tau(1020      nm):  0.0925710052</FONT></FONT>
<FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3> </FONT></FONT></PRE>
	<LI><P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>&laquo;&nbsp;NAME2XXX_NN.pgm&nbsp;&raquo;
	are AOD images for slice number NN at wavelength XXX (in nanometer).
	</FONT></FONT>
	</P>
</OL>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="inspect"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>inspe</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Inspect
3-D aerosol number density file slice by slice and generate a
&laquo;&nbsp;</I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">.pgm</SPAN><I>&nbsp;&raquo;
image for each desired vertical level, particle type ,and size bin.</I></B>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="gemto"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>gemto</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><I><B>Convert GEM CMC
meteorological variables output lat-lon files into AODSEM compatible
meteorological file. </B></I></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Conversion
incluide (i) the computation of Relative humidity files from original
GEM ES (dew point depression) and TT (temperature), and (ii) the
computation of vertical velocity from pressure field (from GZ,
geopotential height), horizontal wind speed fields (VV and UU) and
time derivative of pressure field. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="prind"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>prind</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Create
a precipitation index file &laquo;&nbsp;</I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">precip.index</SPAN><I>&nbsp;&raquo;
for AODSEM function </I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">dynam</SPAN><I>.</I></B>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>ex.:</FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>3
number of files</FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>03
00 00 23 06 1997 1997062303.PR</FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>09
00 00 23 06 1997 1997062309.PR</FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>15
00 00 23 06 1997 1997062315.PR</FONT></FONT></P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="rhuin"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>rhuin</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Create
a relative humidity index file &laquo;&nbsp;</I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">relhum.index</SPAN><I>&nbsp;&raquo;
for AODSEM function </I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">dynam</SPAN><I>.</I></B>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="wspin"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>wspin</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Create
a wind speed index file &laquo;&nbsp;</I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">wspeed.index</SPAN><I>&nbsp;&raquo;
for AODSEM function </I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">dynam</SPAN><I>.</I></B>
</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="datas"></A><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>datas</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>Data assimilation
system.</I></B> </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>In order to ensure that the
model follow realistic AOD spatio-temporal evolution, we implemented
a data assimilation system into AODSEM. Data assimilation is a method
of producing gridded analyses products from raw observations and a
prior knowledge of the evolving atmospheric state given by a model.
Figure 1 shows the conceptual data assimilation process. As a
preliminary step, the first dataset is resampled to obtain a complete
but crude AOD model initialisation map. Those AOD values are
converted into a 3D size-type segregated aerosol number density
distribution. This is done by employing the AODSEM optical module
that uses simple aerosol models [5] and a specific vertical profile
[6]. The TM transforms this initial distribution into physically
significant distributions at each time step. The <FONT COLOR="#000000">incremental
</FONT>AOD <FONT COLOR="#000000">for each layer</FONT> of these
distributions are vertically <FONT COLOR="#000000">summed</FONT> to
yield AOD background fields. The background field acts as a first
guess AOD map for the next observation time and is substracted from
the observations to produce the observation increment field. The
observation increment field is interpolated on the analysis grid to
give the analysis increment field. The output AOD analysis field for
each time step are finally obtained by equally distributing the
analysis increment onto the background fields at all intermediate
time steps. The proper redistribution fraction for each intermediate
time step is given by the ratio of the time elapsed since the first
observation over the total time between the two observations. The
data assimilation process is run again and again using the previous
analysis as a new initialisation over the whole experimental period. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><BR><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Times, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><IMG SRC="Images/assimil.jpg" NAME="Image46" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=800 HEIGHT=492 BORDER=0><BR>Conceptual
representation of the AOD data Assimilation Process</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><BR><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
</P>
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